Routines for windowed graphics
See also: graph.h
| unsigned short BitmapSizeExt (const WIN_RECT *WinRect); |
See also: CalcBitmapSize
| void DrawStaticButton (WINDOW *w, short ButtonType, short x); |
Draws a button in a window.
DrawStaticButton draws a button at the bottom of the window pointed to by w,
where x is distance (in pixels) from the left edge of the window to the left
edge of the button. Parameter ButtonType determines the type of the button.
The set of possible types is very limited, and they are defined in enum
Buttons (any other values will cause a crash). The meanings
of these constants are:
| BT_OK | Button "Enter=OK" |
| BT_SAVE | Button "Enter=SAVE" |
| BT_YES | Button "Enter=YES" |
| BT_CANCEL | Button "Esc=CANCEL" |
| BT_NO | Button "ESC=NO" |
| BT_GOTO | Button "Enter=GOTO" |
| void DrawWinBorder (WINDOW *w, SCR_RECT *rect); |
Draws a border of a window.
DrawWinBorder is an internal function which draws a border of the window, and optionally a title bar. The actual dimensions of the border are given in the SCR_RECT structure rect, but all other parameters (border shape, etc.) will be picked from the structure pointed to by w. Not very useful as a standalone function, although may be sometimes used in combination with WinBackupToScr. Note that you can pass &w.Window as the rect parameter.
| WIN_RECT *MakeWinRect (short x0, short y0, short x1, short y1); |
Builds a structure for representing rectangular area.
MakeWinRect accepts coordinates of two corners (x0, y0) and (x1, y1)
of an rectangular area, and returns the pointer to the structure of type
WIN_RECT in which these coordinates are embeded. This function may be
useful in combination with a rich set of TIOS functions which expect a structure of type
WIN_RECT as explicit argument, like
WinOpen, WinLine, etc.
Note: This function returns a static pointer, which will be rewritten with each call. So, you
must not use it inside functions which needs more than one parameter of type
WIN_RECT like WinFillLines2 etc.
| SCR_RECT *RectWinToScr (const SCR_RECT *win_area, const WIN_RECT *rect, SCR_RECT *result_area); |
Converts relative to absolute coordinates then clips them to a window.
RectWinToScr first converts coordinates in the structure rect (which are assumed to be relative to the topleft corner of the structure win_area) to the absolute screen coordinates. Converted rectangular area is then clipped at the boundaries of the rectangular area win_area, and coordinates of resulting rectangular area are stored to the structure pointed to by result_area. RectWinToScr returns result_area. If converted rectangular area does not overlap with win_area, result_area will be undefined, and RectWinToScr returns NULL.
| SCR_RECT *RectWinToScrExt (const SCR_RECT *win_area, const WIN_RECT *rect, SCR_RECT *result_area); |
Converts relative to absolute coordinates then clips them to a window, taking into account negative coordinates.
See also: RectWinToScr
| WIN_RECT *RectWinToWin (const SCR_RECT *win_area, WIN_RECT *rect); |
Converts relative window coordinates to absolute coordinates.
RectWinToWin converts coordinates in the structure rect (which are assumed to be relative to the topleft corner of the structure win_area) to the absolute screen coordinates. The converted coordinates are stored again in structure pointed to by rect. RectWinToWin returns rect back (but note that the structure pointed to by it is modified).
| void SetWinClip (WINDOW *w, SCR_RECT *s); |
Changes the clipping area of a window.
SetWinClip changes the clipping area of the window pointed to by w, to the SCR_RECT pointed to by s,
and changes the contents of s from window-based to screen-based coordinates.
The original coordinates in s must be window-based, i.e (0,0) is the upper left corner of the window.
| void WinActivate (WINDOW *w); |
Activates a window.
WinActivate makes the window pointed to by w the current active window. This will cause the following events:
The currently active window will be deactivated (its border will be changed to a single-line border);
The border for the window will switch to a double-line border (except in single-border mode, in rounded-border mode or if the window is a full-screen window);
The graphics system will be reset to the current windows defaults (draw attributes, current (x, y) location, etc.).
The window will be marked as visible (see WinHide).
See WinOpen for more info.
Note: Because of memory requirements, only the active window may be drawn to. Once a window
becomes the active window, it may use any of the window drawing routines. If you try to draw
in a non-active window, a garbage may appear on the screen. If no other window overlaps a
window (even if there are multiple windows on the screen), then you may write to a non-active
window by using WinBegin and WinEnd to bracket
the writes.
| short WinAttr (WINDOW *w, short Attr); |
Sets the default window attribute.
WinAttr sets the attribute for the next write (or draw) to the window pointed to by w
to Attr. This attribute will be used in all drawing commands which have not an
attribute as explicite parameter. The interpretation of the attribute depends of concrete
graphic command. Some attributes are only valid for certain graphic operation. Legal attribute
values are defined in enum Attrs. In a general, the following attributes
are supported:
| A_REVERSE | Destination pixels turned off |
| A_NORMAL | Destination pixels turned on |
| A_XOR | Source pixels XORed with destination pixels |
| A_SHADED | Destination pixels masked so that every other pixel turned off |
| A_REPLACE | Source pixels replace destination pixels |
| A_OR | Source pixels ORed with destination pixels |
| A_THICK1 | Draw a double thick line |
| A_SHADE_V | Draw the line using a vertical shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_H | Draw the line using a horizontal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_NS | Draw the line using a negative slope diagonal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_PS | Draw the line using a positive slope diagonal shading pattern |
| void WinBackground (WINDOW *w, short Attr); |
Sets the default window background.
WinBackground changes the current default attribute for the background of a window
pointed to by w (used to clear the window using WinClr).
Note that the background attribute is also used to fill up a newly created area when
a window content is scrolled in any direction. Valid values for Attr are:
| A_NORMAL | Black background |
| A_REVERSE | White background |
| A_XOR | All pixels will be reversed during clearing |
| void WinBackupToScr (WINDOW *w); |
Shows a current backup screen.
If the window pointed to by w is active, WinBackupToScreen copies the current backup screen (duplicate screen) to the real screen (more precise, to the client area of the window), else does nothing. This routine assumes that a window is opened with the WF_DUP_SCR flag (see WinOpen). Then, all output to that window is saved in a backup screen image (allocated in the heap). So, this routine copies the contents of that image to the real screen.
See also: DrawWinBorder
| void WinBegin (WINDOW *w); |
Setup a window for writing to without activating the window.
WinBegin setup the window pointed to by w for writing to it without activating it. When writing to the window is done, call WinEnd. See WinActivate for more info.
| void WinBeginPaint (WINDOW *w); |
Saves the current screen state of given window, and prepares the settings for drawing in the LCD memory.
WinBeginPaint just saves the current screen state in w->savedScrState,
executes PortRestore and sets the current font to
w->CurFont. So, emulating it on AMS 1.xx is easy.
WinBeginPaint is always paired with WinEndPaint which restores the screen state.
WinBeginPaint is commonly used to respond a CM_ACTIVATE message.
See also: WinEndPaint
| short WinBitmapGet (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *rect, void *BitMap); |
Gets a bitmap from a window.
WinBitmapGet stores a series of bytes (the size of which is defined by
WinBitmapSize) defining a bitmap for a rectangular
area (whose boundaries are given using WIN_RECT structure
rect) into a buffer pointed to by BitMap. All coordinates are relative
to the topleft corner of the window pointed to by w. Actual stored bitmap may
be smaller than area defined by rect due to clipping on the boundaries of the
clipping area of the window.
The first two words at address BitMap will contain the height and the width
(in pixels) of the rectangular area respectively (after eventual clipping), then actual
data follows. BitMap is usually a pointer to a BITMAP
structure. WinBitmapGet returns FALSE if the region defined by
rect is outside of the window, and returns TRUE if it is
partially or entirely inside the window.
| void WinBitmapPut (WINDOW *w, short x, short y, void *BitMap, short Attr); |
Puts a bitmap to a window.
WinBitmapPut puts a bitmap BitMap (which was taken using WinBitmapGet)
to the window pointed to by w at the position (x, y), using the attribute Attr.
The coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window pointed to by w.
The drawn bitmap will be clipped at the boundaries of the clipping area of the window.
The following attributes are supported:
| A_REPLACE | Replace the destination region with the source bitmap |
| A_REVERSE | Replace the destination region with the inverse of the source bitmap |
| A_XOR | Exculsive-OR the source bitmap into the destination region |
| A_OR | OR the source bitmap into the destination region |
| A_AND | AND the source bitmap into the destination region |
| A_SHADED | Mask the source bitmap so that every other pixel is turned off and replace the destination region with that result (the source region is left unchanged) |
| unsigned short WinBitmapSize (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *rect); |
Determines a size of a bitmap (eventually clipped) in bytes.
WinBitmapSize returns the size in bytes of a bitmap for a part of rectangular area given by
parameter rect which belongs to the window pointed to by w (may be smaller than
the size of this area due to clipping). This size includes the data for the bitmap and the
header. All coordinates in rect are relative to the topleft corner of the window.
See WinBitmapGet for more info about bitmaps.
Note: WinBitmapSize will clip any negative coordinates to zero.
See also: WinBitmapSizeExt
| unsigned short WinBitmapSizeExt (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *WinRect); |
Determines a size of a bitmap (eventually clipped) in bytes, taking into account negative coordinates.
The difference between WinBitmapSize and WinBitmapSizeExt is that WinBitmapSizeExt takes into account negative coordinates. So, use WinBitmapSize if negative coordinates have to be clipped to zero.
See also: CalcBitmapSize, WinBitmapGet, WinBitmapPut, WinBitmapSize
| void WinChar (WINDOW *w, char c); |
Draws a character to a window.
DrawChar writes a character c at the current (x, y) location of the window
pointed to by w, using the current window attribute (set using WinAttr).
The character will be clipped at the boundaries of the window clipping area. The following
character attributes are supported (the region defined by a character is 8x10
for huge font, 6x8 for large font or nx5 for small font, depending on the
current font set by WinFont command):
| A_NORMAL | The character is ORed into the destination |
| A_REVERSE | The region created by inversing the character replaces the destination |
| A_REPLACE | The region defined by the character replaces the destination |
| A_XOR | The character is XORed into the destination |
| A_SHADED | The character masked so that every other pixel is turned off then ORed into the destination |
| void WinCharXY (WINDOW *w, short x, short y, char c, short Count); |
Draws a series of characters to a window at the specific location.
DrawCharXY writes a Count number of character c to a window pointed to by w at a specific (x, y) location (the coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window). The current (x, y) location is updated it the wintow is in TTY mode (see WinOpen for more description about window modes). See WinChar for more info about drawing characters.
| void WinClose (WINDOW *w); |
Closes a window.
WinClose closes a window pointed to by w, releasing any memory assigned to it and activating the next window in the window-list. This may mean redrawing portions of the screen in order to keep it up-to-date.
| void WinClr (WINDOW *w); |
Clears a window.
WinClr clears the client area (i.e. area without the border and without the optional title bar) of the window pointed to by w (using the current clip region), and resets the current (x, y) position to the home of the client region. The current background pattern (set using WinBackground) is used to fill the client area.
| void WinDeactivate (WINDOW *w); |
Deactivates a window.
WinDeactivate deactivates a window pointed to by w. In fact, it only changes its border to the single-line border, without giving a focus to any other window. It is really only needed if an application has multiple windows. The purpose is to provide a visual clue to the user that a particular window has lost the current focus and that another window (which will be activated with WinActivate) has received the focus. When WinActivate is called, the window with the current focus (the last one to do an activating) is automatically deactivated with WinDeactivate and so it is not necessary to explicitly call WinDeactivate.
| short WinDupStat (WINDOW *w, short Stat); |
Turns the duplicate status on or off.
WinDupStat turn the duplicate status of the window pointed to by w on
(Stat = TRUE) or off
(Stat = FALSE). When the duplicate status is
turned off, all writes to a window go only to the screen. When turned on, all writes
go to both the screen and the backup window. This only applies to windows created with
the WF_DUP_SCR flag set. See WinOpen for
more info. Beware that duplicate writes slow down all writes to windows with
WF_DUP_SCR flag set. WinDupStat also returns the previous
duplicate writing status.
Note: This is an official information from TI. I must admit that many things about
window management (especially about overlapping windows) is still very obscure to me.
| void WinEllipse (WINDOW *w, short x, short y, short a, short b); |
Draws an ellipse to a window.
WinEllipse draws an ellipse with centre at (x, y) and with
semiaxes a and b to the window pointed to by w. The coordinates
are relative to the topleft
corner of the window. The ellipse will be clipped at the boundaries of the clipping
area of the window. The interior of the ellipse remains intact (no fill). The ellipse
will be drawn using the current window attribute (set using WinFill).
Supported attributes are:
| A_NORMAL | Draw a elipse |
| A_REVERSE | Erase a ellipse |
| A_XOR | XORs a ellipse into the destination |
| void WinEnd (WINDOW *w); |
Ends writing to a non-active window.
If you write to a non-active window, then bracket the writes with WinBegin and WinEnd. See WinActivate for more info.
| void WinEndPaint (WINDOW *w); |
Restores the screen state saved with WinBeginPaint in given window.
WinEndPaint(&w); does nothing more than RestoreScrState(&(w.savedScrState));
WinEndPaint is always paired with WinBeginPaint, and it is commonly used to respond a CM_DEACTIVATE message.
See also: WinBeginPaint
| void WinFill (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *rect, short Attr); |
Draws a filled rectangle to a window.
WinFill draws a filled rectangle (i.e. fills a rectangular region of a window)
given by WIN_RECT structure rect to the window
pointed to by w, using the attribute Attr.
All coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window. The rectangle will be
clipped at the boundaries of the clipping area of the window. Supported attributes are:
| A_NORMAL | Fill with black pixels |
| A_REVERSE | Fill with white pixels |
| A_XOR | All pixels in the rectangle will be reversed |
| void WinFillLines2 (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *lower_line, const WIN_RECT *upper_line, short Attr); |
Draws a filled area between two lines to a window.
WinFillLines2 fills an area bounded with two lines which coordinates are given in two WIN_RECT structures lower_line (lower bound) and upper_line (upper bound) to the window pointed to by w. In fact, it draws a filled polygon whose vertices are (lower_line.x0, lower_line.y0), (lower_line.x1, lower_line.y1), (upper_line.x0, upper_line.y0) and (upper_line.x1, upper_line.y1) using the attribute Attr. All coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window. Supported attributes are the same as in command WinFillTriangle. The drawn polygon will be clipped at the boundaries of the clipping area of the window. If lower_line is above upper_line, nothing will be drawn. To be more precise, "above" means "closer to the top of the screen".
| void WinFillTriangle (WINDOW *w, short x0, short y0, short x1, short y1, short x2, short y2, short Attr); |
Draws a filled triangle to a window.
FillTriangle draws a filled triangle with vertices (x0, y0),
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) to the window
pointed to by w, using the attribute Attr.
All coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window.
The triangle will be clipped at the boundaries of the clipping area of the window.
Supported attributes are:
| A_NORMAL | Draws a solid fill triangle |
| A_REVERSE | Draws an empty triangle (i.e. erase a triangular area) |
| A_XOR | XORs a solid fill triangle into the destination |
| A_SHADE_V | Draws a triangle filled using a vertical shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_H | Draws a triangle filled using a horizontal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_NS | Draws a triangle filled using a negative slope diagonal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_PS | Draws a triangle filled using a positive slope diagonal shading pattern |
| void WinFont (WINDOW *w, short Font); |
Sets the current window font.
WinFont changes the current text font for the window pointed to by w. All subsequent characters written to the window will use this font. The supported values for Font are F_4x6, F_6x8, and F_8x10, and they are defined in enum Fonts. The 4x6 font is a proportional font while the 6x8 and 8x10 fonts are fixed-width.
| void WinGetCursor (WINDOW *w, short *x, short *y); |
Returns the cursor location for a window.
WinGetCursor returns the cursor location for the window pointed to by w into x and y. But, I am not quite sure what the "cursor" is. See notes about WinMoveCursor.
| short WinHeight (WINDOW *w); |
Height of a window.
WinHeight returns the height of the client (drawable) area of the window pointed to by w. The window region is the region that was defined when the window was created with WinOpen. If the window is full screen (not counting the status bar which may not be overlapped), then the client region is equal to the window region. The client region is reduced by adding borders or a title to a window.
| void WinHide (WINDOW *w); |
Hides a window.
WinHide hides a window pointed to by w (mark it as not-visible so that it is never activated by the system) and updates the screen. When a window is activated (see WinActivate) or when it is opened (unless the WF_VIRTUAL flag is passed to WinOpen), it is marked as visible. All windows in the system are kept in a linked list. When a window in the system is closed, the next visible window in the system is activated and becomes the currently active window. Since virtual windows are never displayed on the screen they are never considered visible. An application's main window is always visible since that is the only view the user has of the application. From the other side, an application may open other windows that it does not want to ever be activated. In that case, use WinHide so that they will never be activated by the system. Although the given window will not be activated by the system, writes to it still go to the screen (unless it is a virtual window).
| void WinHome (WINDOW *w); |
Moves the pen location for a window to the home position.
WinHome moves the pen location for the window pointed to by w to the home position. Note that in TTY mode this is (1 1) otherwise it is (0, 0). See WinOpen for more info about window modes.
| void WinLine (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *Line); |
Draws a line to a window.
WinLine draws a line from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1) to the window pointed to by w where coordinates (x0, y0) and (x1, y1) are given in a WIN_RECT structure Line, using the current attribute. The line will be clipped at the boundaries of the window clipping area. See WinLineTo for a description of supported atributes.
| void WinLineExt (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *Line); |
Draws a line to a window, more accurately than WinLine when clipping.
WinLineExt acts like WinLine, except that clipping is done more
smoothly and drawing is sometimes more accurate: instead of just clipping the coordinates to the
window clipping area, as WinLine does, WinLineExt draws the line
between the endpoints, drawing only the pixels that are in the window clipping area.
This can lead to little differences between a line drawn by
WinLine and the same line drawn by WinLineExt.
The drawback is that WinLineExt is slower than WinLine.
See also: WinAttr, WinLine, WinLineRel, WinLineTo
| void WinLineNC (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *Line); |
Draws a line to a window, without range checking.
WinLineNC works like WinLine except no range checking is done on the line drawn. Use it with extreme caution as invalid lines could trash the system.
| void WinLineRel (WINDOW *w, short dx, short dy); |
Draws a line to a window from the current pen position, using relative displacements.
WinLineRel acts like WinLine, but dx and dy are relative to the current pen position.
| void WinLineTo (WINDOW *w, short x, short y); |
Draws a line to a window from the current pen position.
WinLineTo draws a line to the window pointed to by w from the current pen position to
the pixel (x, y) using the current attribute given with
WinAttr command, then updates the pen position to those coordinates.
The current pen position can be initialized with WinMoveTo.
Note that the coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window.
The line will be clipped at the boundaries of the window clipping area. Here is a list of
the supported attributes:
| A_NORMAL | Draw a normal line |
| A_REVERSE | Draw an inverse line (i.e. erase the line) |
| A_XOR | Draw a line using XORing with the destination |
| A_THICK1 | Draw a double thick line |
| A_SHADE_V | Draw the line using a vertical shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_H | Draw the line using a horizontal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_NS | Draw the line using a negative slope diagonal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_PS | Draw the line using a positive slope diagonal shading pattern |
| void WinMoveCursor (WINDOW *w, short x, short y); |
Moves the pen position (???).
On the Texas Instruments site, TI comments related to this function are (cite): use WinMoveTo to move pen position, use WinSetCursor to move cursor. Obviously, I am too stupid to conclude what is the difference between the pen position and the cursor. To be more precise, I don't know what "cursor" means to them. I don't see any difference between this command and WinMoveTo. Any info is welcomed. If this fact may help, WinMoveTo changes CurX and CurY fields of the WINDOW structure, WinMoveCursor changes both CurX, CurY and CursorX, CursorY pairs, and WinSetCursor changes only CursorX and CursorY field. Please help!!!
| void WinMoveRel (WINDOW *w, short dx, short dy); |
Sets the current window pen position relative to the previous position.
WinMoveRel acts like WinMoveTo, but dx and dy are relative to the current pen position.
| void WinMoveTo (WINDOW *w, short x, short y); |
Sets the current window pen position.
WinMoveTo sets the current pen position for the window pointed to by w to (x, y). The coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window. WinMoveTo affects where WinChar and WinStr draw characters and strings as well as the line position for WinLineRel and WinLineTo.
| short WinOpen (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *rect, unsigned short Flags, ...); |
Opens a new window.
WinOpen opens a new window, initializing all fields of the
WINDOW structure pointed to by w, and then links this window into the
current list of windows as the topmost window. rect is the pointer
to the rectangular structure of type WIN_RECT which defines the
window area. The flags defined in Flags may be
set as one or more of the following constants defined in the enum WinFlags
(they have to be ORed; note that WF_SAVE_SCR and WF_DUP_SCR are mutually exclusive):
| WF_SAVE_SCR | Save the screen region underneath the window (restore it when the window is closed). |
| WF_DUP_SCR | Keep a duplicate copy of all data written to the window; when the window needs to be updated, the application will not receive a CM_WPAINT message, instead the system will update the window (see EV_paintOneWindow for more info). |
| WF_TTY | Write characters in TTY mode (translate '\n' and '\r' to a newline, '\f' to clear screen, and wrap at end of lines). |
| WF_NOBOLD | When window is activated, do not make the window's border bold. |
| WF_NOBORDER | Do not draw a border around the window. |
| WF_ROUNDEDBORDER | Draw a rounded border instead of rectangular border (this option implies WF_NOBOLD as well). |
| WF_TITLE | Draw a title bar; in this case the Flags parameter must be followed by a text string which will be used as the window title (according to my experience, it seems that only windows with rounded borders may have title bars). |
| WF_VIRTUAL | Set this flag for virtual windows which are just allocated bitmaps in memory and which are not limited to the size of the screen; no writes to actual LCD are done, only writes to a duplicate screen area (so WF_DUP_SCR must also be set). |
#define USE_TI89 // Compile for TI-89
#define USE_TI92PLUS // Compile for TI-92 Plus
#define USE_V200 // Compile for V200
#define OPTIMIZE_ROM_CALLS // Use ROM Call Optimization
#define MIN_AMS 100 // Compile for AMS 1.00 or higher
#define SAVE_SCREEN // Save/Restore LCD Contents
#include <tigcclib.h> // Include All Header Files
// Main Function
void _main(void)
{
WINDOW *wind = HeapAllocPtr (sizeof (WINDOW));
WinOpen (wind, MakeWinRect (20, 20, 80, 50), WF_SAVE_SCR | WF_TTY);
WinActivate (wind);
WinFont (wind, F_6x8);
WinStr (wind, "hello everyone");
ngetchx ();
WinClose (wind);
HeapFreePtr (wind);
}
Like any other function which allocates a memory block, WinOpen may cause
heap compression.
Note: You must call WinActivate to display a window on the screen,
although TI said that you do not need to do so. Also, don't forget to close all windows
(using WinClose or WinRemove)
before the end of the program, else the TI will crash later, when the TIOS window manager tries to
refresh a window in the list which ceased to exist after terminating the program!
| short WinPixGet (WINDOW *w, short x, short y); |
Gets the status of a pixel in a window.
WinPixGet gets the status of the pixel located at (x, y), where coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window. Returns TRUE or FALSE depending of whether corresponding pixel is set or reset. Also returns FALSE if coordinates are outside current window.
| void WinPixSet (WINDOW *w, short x, short y); |
Sets a pixel in a window.
WinPixSet set a pixel at (x, y) in the window pointed to by w
using the current window attribute (set using WinAttr). The coordinates
are relative to the topleft corner of the window (the pixel will not be drawn if the coordinates
are out of the window). The following attributes are supported:
| A_NORMAL | Draw a pixel |
| A_REVERSE | Erase a pixel |
| A_XOR | Invert a pixel |
| void WinRect (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *rect, short Attr); |
Draws a rectangle to a window.
WinRect draws a rectangle with (x0, y0) and (x1, y1) as corners
to the window pointed to by w, where coordinates (x0, y0) and (x1, y1)
are given in a WIN_RECT structure rect. All coordinates
are relative to the topleft corner of the window. The rectangle will be clipped at the
boundaries of the clipping area of the window. The interior of the rectangle remains
intact (no fill). The border lines of the rectangle will be drawn using the attribute
Attr. See WinLineTo for a description of supported line
atributes. In addition, the attribute may be ORed with one or more following constants
(which are defined in enum BoxAttrs:
| B_NORMAL | Draw a normal rectangle |
| B_DOUBLE | Draw a double thick rectangle |
| B_ROUNDED | Draw a rectangle with rounded corners |
| B_CUT | Draw a rectangle with the upper corners cut (like in toolboxes) |
| void WinRemove (WINDOW *w, short UpdateScreen); |
Closes the window pointed to by w, and frees the memory assigned to that window.
If UpdateScreen is TRUE, the next window in the linked list of windows is activated and the screen is updated.
If UpdateScreen is FALSE, no window is activated and the screen is not updated.
In fact, WinClose calls WinRemove with UpdateScreen = TRUE on all AMS versions.
Virtual windows (the ones with WF_VIRTUAL flag set) should be closed with:
WinRemove(&w,FALSE);
| short WinReOpen (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *rect, unsigned short Flags, ...); |
Reopens an existing window.
WinReOpen acts like WinOpen, but reopens an existing window. Not valid
for windows created in WF_SAVE_SCR mode (unless using just to call
WinOpen). If the window is not in the "list of windows" then just
calls WinOpen. Otherwise, it updates the Client, Window, Clip, and Port
regions of the window. If the new window is of the same size as the old one, then the Port
region (DUP_SCR) is not cleared. Returns TRUE if the window re-opened OK,
and returns FALSE if not (bad window or not enough memory to enlarge
DUP_SCR).
Note: This is the official information by Texas Instruments. I am not sure that I fully
understood what they want to say. It seems that you can reopen a window on a new place
(keeping the same size), then redraw the window on a new position using
WinBackupToScr.
| void WinScrollH (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *rect, short NumCols); |
Shifts a region of a window left or right.
WinScrollH shifts the rectangular area determined by rect of the window
pointed to by w left by NumRows pixels (or right
if NumRows < 0). The coordinates in rect are relative
to the topleft corner od the window. Blank areas (i.e. the vacant space produced after
scrolling) are filled with current background for the window (see
WinBackground).
Note: This command is not very fast because it is realized using
WinBitmapGet and WinBitmapPut.
If the region to be scrolled starts on a byte boundary (left-most pixel), then the
region will scroll much faster.
| void WinScrollV (WINDOW *w, const WIN_RECT *rect, short NumRows); |
Scrolls a region of a window upwards or downwards.
WinScrollV scrolls the rectangular area determined by rect of the window
pointed to by w upwards by NumRows pixels (or downwards
if NumRows < 0). The coordinates in rect are relative
to the topleft corner od the window. Blank areas (i.e. the vacant space produced after
scrolling) are filled with current background for the window (see
WinBackground).
Note: This command is not very fast because it is realized using
WinBitmapGet and WinBitmapPut.
| void WinSetCursor (WINDOW *w, short x, short y); |
Moves the cursor (???).
See the note under WinMoveCursor. WinSetCursor really does not produce any visible effect for me. It is a macro defined by TI which changes CursorX and CursorY fields of the WINDOW structure.
| void WinShow (WINDOW *w); |
Makes a window visible for the repainting routine.
This is a simple macro defined by Texas Instruments. It sets WF_VISIBLE flag of the window pointed to by w, making the window "visible" for event-driven repainting routine. This flag is used only in event driven applications (see event.h header file, especially EV_paintOneWindow function).
| void WinStr (WINDOW *w, const char *str); |
Draws a string to a window.
WinStr draws the string str to the window pointed to by w at the current pen location. The current pen location is updated to point to the end of where the string was written if the window is in TTY mode (see WinOpen for more description about window modes). See WinChar routine for a description of character attributes and fonts.
| void WinStrXY (WINDOW *w, short x, short y, const char *str); |
Draws a string to a window at a specific location.
WinStrXY draws the string str to a window pointed to by w at the specific (x, y) location (the coordinates are relative to the topleft corner of the window). See WinStr for more info.
| short WinStrXYWrap (WINDOW *w, WIN_COORDS x, WIN_COORDS y, const char *s, unsigned short flags); |
Draws a word-wrapped string to a window at position x, y (window-based), and returns the height in pixels of the text drawn.
w is the pointer to a window.
x and y is the place where to draw the string, x is also the left margin to wrap on.
s is the pointer to the string to write.
flags: correct values are described in winWriteFlags.
This function is available in the jump table only on AMS 2.04 and later, and the parameter WWF_WRAP_BACK_TO_ZERO is taken into account only on AMS 2.07 and later.
See also: winWriteFlags
| SCR_RECT *WinToScr (const WIN_RECT *win_rect, SCR_RECT *dest_rect); |
Converts a WIN_RECT into a SCR_RECT, clipping the coordinates if necessary.
WinToScr converts coordinates (shorts) in the structure win_rect to the same
coordinates (unsigned char), storing the result in the structure pointed to by
dest_rect, except that the coordinates that are negative are clipped to 0, and the
coordinates greater than 0xFF are clipped to 0xFF.
WinToScr returns dest_rect back (but the structure pointed to by it is modified).
If you want a WinToScr that works on all AMS versions, you can use:
#undef WinToScr
SCR_RECT *WinToScr (const WIN_RECT *win_rect, SCR_RECT *dest_rect);
asm("
WinToScr:
move.l 4(%sp),%a1
move.l 8(%sp),%a0
moveq #4-1,%d1
_loop_WTS_:
move.w (%a1)+,%d0
bge.s _not_negative_WTS_
moveq #0,%d0 | clr.w %d0 or eor.w %d0,%d0 are enough and just as fast.
bra.s _store_WTS_
_not_negative_WTS_:
cmpi.w #0xFF,%d0
bls.s _store_WTS_
moveq #-1,%d0
_store_WTS_:
move.b %d0,(%a0)+
dbf %d1,_loop_WTS_
subq.l #4,%a0
rts
");
| short WinWidth (WINDOW *w); |
Width of a window.
WinWidth returns the width of the client (drawable) area of the window pointed to by w. The window region is the region that was defined when the window was created with WinOpen. If the window is full screen (not counting the status bar which may not be overlapped), then the client region is equal to the window region. The client region is reduced by adding borders or a title to a window.
| WINDOW *const DeskTop; |
A pointer to the desktop window.
DeskTop is a constant static pointer (i.e. it can't be changed, but the structure pointed to by it may be changed) which points to the desktop window. This is a window without a border which occupies the whole screen area except the status line, but the clipping area of this window is set to exclude the area occupied by the toolbar menu, so you cannot draw over the menu area if you use this window as a parameter to any window drawing function (except if you changed Clip field of the structure pointed to by DeskTop manually). Usually, if you want to use a function which expects a parameter which is a pointer to a window structure, but if you don't want to create your own window, you can pass DeskTop as the parameter to it (of course, if you don't need to draw something in the menu or status line area).
| WINDOW *FirstWindow; |
A pointer to the head of the list of all windows.
FirstWindow is a pointer to the first window in the linked list of all created windows.
By starting from FirstWindow and tracking the Next field of a
WINDOW structure pointed to by it, it is possible to access to all
created windows (the last one is the window which Next field is equal
to NULL).
Note: Under normal conditions, FirstWindow points to the Home screen window, which is
defined as a window without a border, which occupies the space between the toolbar
menu and the command input line. When this is just a window which you want to use in your
program, you can pass FirstWindow as a parameter to any window routine
(although DeskTop is probably a better choice). And, by changing
a structure pointed to by FirstWindow, it is possible to make Home screen "larger" or
"smaller", or to perform similar "dirty" tricks. See
EV_registerMenu for a dirty example.
| typedef short WIN_COORDS; |
An alias type for defining logical screen coordinates.
typedef struct {
|
A structure for defining a rectangular area.
WIN_RECT is a scructure for defining a rectangular area using logical screen coordinates.
Note: GCC4TI is derived from GNU C, so it allows cast constructors.
That's why constructions like
WinOpen (&w, &(WIN_RECT){30, 30, 130, 80}, WF_SAVE_SCR);
are legal. See WinOpen for info about this command.
typedef struct WindowStruct_AMS1 {
|
The main window-describing structure (AMS 1.xx version).
WINDOW_AMS1 is the AMS 1.xx version of the WINDOW structure. It is a little smaller, since the last two fields are missing. Usually, this is not important, but it is a problem if a window structure is included in other structures (like EQU_DS).
See also: WINDOW
typedef struct WindowStruct {
|
The main window-describing structure.
WINDOW is the main window-describing structure which is used in all window-based TIOS functions.
| enum WinFlags {WF_SYS_ALLOC = 0x0001, WF_STEAL_MEM = 0x0002, WF_DONT_REALLOC = 0x0004, WF_ROUNDEDBORDER = 0x0008, WF_SAVE_SCR = 0x0010, WF_DUP_SCR = 0x0020, WF_TTY = 0x0040, WF_ACTIVE = 0x0080, WF_NOBORDER = 0x0100, WF_NOBOLD = 0x0200, WF_DUP_ON = 0x0400, WF_VIRTUAL = 0x0800, WF_TITLE = 0x1000, WF_DIRTY = 0x2000, WF_TRY_SAVE_SCR = 0x4010, WF_VISIBLE = 0x8000}; |
An enumeration for describing flags which control the window manager.
These flags are used in the WinOpen command. Usage of
some of them are still not very clear to me. See WinOpen
to see what I know about them (any additional info is welcomed).
WF_DIRTY and WF_VISIBLE are used in event driven applications, see EV_paintOneWindow
function.
enum winWriteFlags {
|
Enumeration for parameter flags to WinStrXYWrap.
WWF_DRAW means that the function will draw the string. If it is not set in the flags, the height of the text drawn is returned and nothing else is done.
WWF_WRAP_ON_COMMAS means that the function will also wrap on commas, not only on spaces (\x20) and carriage returns (\x0A).
WWF_WRAP_BACK_TO_ZERO means that the function will go back to the first column of the window after the first line. This option is available only on AMS 2.07 and more.
See also: WinStrXYWrap