Common (non-windowed) graphic routines
For a lot of advanced drawing routines, we recommend you to download the ExtGraph library by the TI-Chess Team.
See also: wingraph.h, sprites.h, gray.h
| void BitmapGet (const SCR_RECT *rect, void *BitMap); |
Gets a bitmap from the port graphical functions are writing to.
BitmapGet stores a series of bytes (the size of which is defined by
BitmapSize) defining a bitmap for a rectangular
area (whose boundaries are given using the SCR_RECT
structure rect) into a buffer pointed to by BitMap. The data is
fetched in the port graphical functions are writing to (see
PortSet). The first two words at the address
BitMap will contain the height and the width (in pixels) of the rectangular
area respectively, then the actual data follows. BitMap is
usually a pointer to a BITMAP structure.
Here is a simple example (called "Bitmap Test"), which uses BitmapGet and
BitmapPut to get the contents of the TI-89 screen and
to restore it later:
// Retrieve and store a bitmap
#define USE_TI89 // Compile for TI-89
#define USE_TI92PLUS // Compile for TI-92 Plus
#define USE_V200 // Compile for V200
#define OPTIMIZE_ROM_CALLS // Use ROM Call Optimization
#define MIN_AMS 100 // Compile for AMS 1.00 or higher
#include <tigcclib.h> // Include All Header Files
// Main Function
void _main(void)
{
SCR_RECT full_screen = {{0, 0, LCD_WIDTH - 1, LCD_HEIGHT - 1}};
char buffer [BITMAP_HDR_SIZE + LCD_WIDTH*LCD_HEIGHT/8]; // or 2004 for a TI-89 and 3844 for a TI-92+/V200 if you like it more
BitmapGet (&full_screen, buffer); // store screen in buffer
clrscr ();
printf ("Press any key to\nrestore screen...");
ngetchx ();
BitmapPut (0, 0, buffer, &full_screen, A_REPLACE);
ngetchx ();
}
Note that this is just an example: for saving/restoring the whole screen,
functions LCD_save and
LCD_restore are much more efficient!
And, 'buffer' will probably be allocated using
malloc in a more realistic example...
See also: BitmapPut, BitmapSize, CalcBitmapSize
| void BitmapInit (const SCR_RECT *rect, void *BitMap); |
Initializes a bitmap structure.
BitmapInit is an auxilary command (used internally in BitmapGet, so it is not particularly useful). It initializes first two words at address BitMap to the height and the width (in pixels) of the rectangular area rect.
| void BitmapPut (short x, short y, const void *BitMap, const SCR_RECT *clip, short Attr); |
Puts a bitmap to the screen.
BitmapPut puts a bitmap BitMap (which was taken using BitmapGet)
on the screen at position (x, y), using the attribute Attr.
The drawn bitmap will be clipped at the boundaries of the area given by the
clip parameter. See SetCurClip for more info about clipping areas.
The following attributes are supported:
| A_REPLACE | Replace the destination region with the source bitmap |
| A_REVERSE | Replace the destination region with the inverse of the source bitmap |
| A_NORMAL | OR the source bitmap into the destination region |
| A_XOR | Exculsive-OR the source bitmap into the destination region |
| A_OR | OR the source bitmap into the destination region |
| A_AND | AND the source bitmap into the destination region |
| A_SHADED | Mask the source bitmap so that every other pixel is turned off and replace the destination region with that result (the source region is left unchanged) |
See also: BitmapGet, CalcBitmapSize
| unsigned short BitmapSize (const SCR_RECT *rect); |
Determines a bitmap size in bytes.
BitmapSize returns the size in bytes of a bitmap for a rectangular area given by parameter rect. This size includes the data for the bitmap and the header. See BitmapGet for more info about bitmaps.
See also: BitmapGet
| unsigned short CalcBitmapSize (BITMAP *b); |
Calculates the size of a bitmap.
CalcBitmapSize calculates the size of the bitmap pointed to by b. In fact, CalcBitmapSize has the following implementation:
unsigned short CalcBitmapSize(BITMAP *b)
{
return ((((b->NumCols + 7) >> 3) * b->NumRows) + BITMAP_HDR_SIZE);
}
This means that you can create a bitmap with only NumRows and
NumCols filled, and pass it to this function.
You can also define a macro for this purpose.
See also: BitmapGet, BitmapPut, BitmapSize
| void ClientToScr (const SCR_RECT *WindowRect, const SCR_RECT *Rect, SCR_RECT *Result); |
Converts a window-based rectangle to screen-based coordinates.
ClientToScr adds the values of x1 and y1 in WindowRect to all x and y values in Rect, and returns the result in Result. This is usually used to convert a window-based SCR_RECT to screen-based coordinates by passing it as the second parameter to this function. The first parameter is then a screen-based SCR_RECT of the window's client region. This routine is called in SetWinClip.
See also: ScrToWin
| void ClrScr (void); |
Clears the entire screen.
ClrScr fills the entire screen (real or virtual) with zeros. To set up a virtual screen, use PortSet.
Deprecated alias: ClearScreen
| void DisplayOff (void); |
Turns the display off.
DisplayOff turns the display off. It does not really switch the LCD off, it just blanks the screen and keeps it blank. To turn the display back on, you must use DisplayOn.
See also: DisplayOn
| void DisplayOn (void); |
Turns the display on.
DisplayOn turns the display on. It is mostly used after you turned the display off using DisplayOff.
See also: DisplayOff
| void DrawChar (short x, short y, char c, short Attr); |
Draws a character.
DrawChar draws a character c at a specific
(x, y) location. The following
character attributes are supported (the region defined by a character is 8x10
for huge font, 6x8 for large font or nx5 for small font, depending on the
current font set by FontSetSys command):
| A_NORMAL | The character is ORed into the destination |
| A_REVERSE | The region created by inversing the character replaces the destination |
| A_REPLACE | The region defined by the character replaces the destination |
| A_XOR | The character is XORed into the destination |
| A_SHADED | The character is masked so that every other pixel is turned off then ORed into the destination |
| void DrawClipChar (short x, short y, short c, const SCR_RECT *clip, short Attr); |
Draws a clipped character.
DrawClipChar works exactly like DrawChar, except the character will be clipped at the boundaries of the area given by parameter clip. See SetCurClip for more info about clipping areas.
| void DrawClipEllipse (short x, short y, short a, short b, const SCR_RECT *clip, short Attr); |
Draws a clipped ellipse.
DrawClipEllipse draws an ellipse with centre at (x, y), and with
semiaxes a and b. The ellipse will be clipped at the boundaries
of the area given by parameter clip.
See SetCurClip for more info about clipping areas.
The interior of the ellipse remains intact (no fill). The ellipse will be drawn
using the attribute Attr. Supported attributes are:
| A_NORMAL | Draw a elipse |
| A_REVERSE | Erase a ellipse |
| A_XOR | XORs a ellipse into the destination |
| void DrawClipLine (const WIN_RECT *Line, const SCR_RECT *clip, short Attr); |
Draws a clipped line.
DrawClipLine draws a line from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1) where coordinates (x0, y0) and (x1, y1) are given in a WIN_RECT structure Line, using the attribute Attr. The line will be clipped at the boundaries of the area given by parameter clip. See SetCurClip for more info about clipping areas. See DrawLine for a description of supported atributes.
| void DrawClipPix (short x, short y); |
Draws a clipped pixel.
DrawClipPix works exactly like DrawPix, except the pixel will not be drawn if its coordinates are out of clipping zone given by SetCurClip command, and an attribute is not given as an explicite parameter (the attribute given with SetCurAttr command will be used instead).
| void DrawClipRect (const WIN_RECT *rect, const SCR_RECT *clip, short Attr); |
Draws a clipped rectangle.
DrawClipRect draws a rectangle with (x0, y0) and (x1, y1) as corners,
where coordinates (x0, y0) and (x1, y1) are given in a WIN_RECT structure rect.
The rectangle will be clipped at the boundaries of the area given by parameter clip.
See SetCurClip for more info about clipping areas.
The interior of the rectangle remains intact (no fill). The border lines of
the rectangle will be drawn using the attribute Attr.
See DrawLine for a description of supported line atributes. In
addition, the attribute may be ORed with one or more following constants (which
are defined in enum BoxAttrs:
| B_NORMAL | Draw a normal rectangle |
| B_DOUBLE | Draw a double thick rectangle |
| B_ROUNDED | Draw a rectangle with rounded corners |
| B_CUT | Draw a rectangle with the upper corners cut (like in toolboxes) |
| void DrawFkey (short x, short y, short fkey_no, short Attr); |
Draws a function key symbol.
DrawFkey draws a string "F<fkey_no>" at (x, y), using the attribute Attr, and using small font, regardless of the current font setting. See DrawChar for a description of attribute Attr. fkey_no must be in a range 0-9.
| void DrawIcon (short x, short y, const void *Icon, short Attr); |
Draws an icon.
DrawIcon draws an icon (a 16x16 bitmap structure given as 16-word group of
bits) pointed to by pointer Icon at location (x, y)
using attribute Attr. Pointer
Icon is usually of type pICON (pointer to the
ICON structure). The following attributes are supported:
| A_NORMAL | The icon is ORed into the destination |
| A_REVERSE | The inversed icon is ANDed into the destination |
| A_XOR | The icon is XORed into the destination |
| A_SHADED | The icon is masked so that every other pixel is turned off then ORed into the destination |
See also: sprites.h
| void DrawLine (short x0, short y0, short x1, short y1, short Attr); |
Draws a line between two specified points.
DrawLine draws a line from
(x0, y0) to (x1, y1) using
the attribute Attr. The following attributes are supported:
| A_NORMAL | Draw a normal line |
| A_REVERSE | Draw an inverse line (i.e. erase the line) |
| A_XOR | Draw a line using XORing with the destination |
| A_THICK1 | Draw a double thick line |
| A_SHADE_V | Draw the line using a vertical shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_H | Draw the line using a horizontal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_NS | Draw the line using a negative slope diagonal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_PS | Draw the line using a positive slope diagonal shading pattern |
| void DrawMultiLines (short x, short y, const void *multi_lines); |
Draws a set of lines in one turn.
DrawMultiLines draws a whole set of lines using a single command. The parameter multi_lines is a pointer to the byte-area structure organized as follows:
The first byte is the total number of lines;
Then, each line is described using a 5-byte structure as follows:
The first byte is line attribute;
The next four bytes are x0, y0, x1 and y1 respective.
The line will be clipped at the current clipping area boundaries given with
SetCurClip command.
multi_lines is usually a pointer to the MULTI_LINE
structure. See DrawLine for more info about line attributes.
Parameters x and y act as a translation shifters. They are added to
all line coordinates before drawing (the structure itself remains intact), so by using
the same multi_line with various x-s and y-s, it is possible
to draw several instances of the same-shape objects on various places on the screen.
The following example will draw two stars on the screen:
static MULTI_LINE star_shape = {3, {{1, 30, 50, 70, 50},
{1, 35, 35, 65, 65},
{1, 35, 65, 65, 35}}};
...
DrawMultiLines (0, 0, &star_shape);
DrawMultiLines (80, 0, &star_shape);
| void DrawPix (short x, short y, short Attr); |
Draws a pixel.
DrawPix draws a pixel at (x, y),
using the attribute Attr. The following
attributes are supported:
| A_NORMAL | Draw a pixel |
| A_REVERSE | Erase a pixel |
| A_XOR | Invert a pixel |
| void DrawStr (short x, short y, const char *str, short Attr); |
Draws a string.
DrawStr draws a string str at a
specific (x, y) location. See DrawChar for a
description of attribute Attr.
Note: Too many people ask me how to draw a content of an integer variable (for example) instead
of a string. Although this question is answered in the Frequently Asked
Question list, I received a suggestion that it would be better if explained here.
Well. You need to use sprintf to convert a non-string
variable to a string. For example:
int x, y; char buffer[50]; ... sprintf (buffer, "%d + %d = %d", x, y, x + y); DrawStr (0, 0, buffer, A_NORMAL);
Deprecated alias: DrawStrXY
| short DrawStrWidth (const char *str, short Font); |
Determines the width of a string, in pixels.
DrawStrWidth returns the actual width of the string str according to the font number given by parameter Font. For 8x10 and 6x8 fonts, this is just 8 or 6 times the length of the string, but the 4x6 font is proportional. See FontSetSys for more info on fonts.
See also: DrawStrWidthP
| unsigned short DrawStrWidthP (const char *str, short len, short Font); |
Returns the width of the first len characters of a string.
DrawStrWidthP returns the length in pixels of the first len characters of the string str displayed with font Font.
The difference between DrawStrWidthP and DrawStrWidth is that DrawStrWidth gives the length in pixels of the full string str displayed with font Font.
Be careful: len must be less or equal to strlen (str)!
This function is interesting only for the F_4x6
font; for the F_6x8 and
F_8x10 fonts, DrawStrWidthP will return
6*len and 8*len, respectively.
Also, using
DrawStrWidthP (str, strlen (str), font);
is slower than using
DrawStrWidth (str, font);
Example:
// This line is equivalent to:
// printf_xy (0, 0, "%hu", DrawStrWidth ("DEFGHIJK", F_4x6));
printf_xy (0, 0, "%hu",
DrawStrWidthP ("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" + 3, 8, F_4x6));
On AMS versions lower than 2.00, you can emulate DrawStrWidthP with:
unsigned short DrawStrWidthP(const char *str, short len, short Font)
{
char s[len+1];
short i;
// Calling memcpy is slower than copying the string by-hand...
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
s[i] = str[i];
s[len] = 0;
return DrawStrWidth (s, font);
}
or the following assembly code provided by Lionel Debroux:
unsigned short DrawStrWidthP(register const char *str asm("a0"), register short len asm("d0"), register short Font asm("d2"));
asm("DrawStrWidthP:
move.w %d0,%d1
beq.s __end_DrawStrWidthP__
btst #0,%d0
beq.s __allocate_on_the_stack_DSWP__
addq.w #1,%d1
__allocate_on_the_stack_DSWP__:
suba.w %d1,%sp
movea.l %sp,%a1
subq.w #1,%d0
__loop_copy_DrawStrWidthP__:
move.b (%a0)+,(%a1)+
dbf %d0,__loop_copy_DrawStrWidthP__
clr.b (%a1)
addq.w #8,%d1
move.w %d1,-(%sp) | save d1 (DrawStrWidth can destroy it)...
move.w %d2,-(%sp)
pea 4(%sp)
movea.l 0xC8.w,%a0
movea.l 0x197*4(%a0),%a0 | DrawStrWidth
jsr (%a0)
adda.w 6(%sp),%sp
__end_DrawStrWidthP__:
rts
");
The C function is about 1% slower than the original implementation. The assembly implementation is faster.
See also: DrawStrWidth
| void FillLines2 (const WIN_RECT *lower_line, const WIN_RECT *upper_line, const SCR_RECT *clip, short Attr); |
Draws a filled area between two lines.
FillLines2 fills an area bounded with two lines which coordinates are given in two WIN_RECT structures lower_line (lower bound) and upper_line (upper bound). In fact, it draws a filled polygon whose vertices are (lower_line.x0, lower_line.y0), (lower_line.x1, lower_line.y1), (upper_line.x0, upper_line.y0) and (upper_line.x1, upper_line.y1) using the attribute Attr. Supported attributes are the same as in command FillTriangle. The drawn polygon will be clipped at the boundaries of the area given by parameter clip. See SetCurClip for more info about clipping areas. If lower_line is above upper_line, nothing will be drawn. To be more precise, "above" means "closer to the top of the screen".
| void FillTriangle (short x0, short y0, short x1, short y1, short x2, short y2, const SCR_RECT *clip, short Attr); |
Draws a filled triangle.
FillTriangle draws a filled triangle with vertices (x0, y0),
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) using the
attribute Attr. The triangle will be clipped at the boundaries of the area
given by parameter clip. See SetCurClip for more
info about clipping areas. Supported attributes are:
| A_NORMAL | Draws a solid fill triangle |
| A_REVERSE | Draws an empty triangle (i.e. erase a triangular area) |
| A_XOR | XORs a solid fill triangle into the destination |
| A_SHADE_V | Draws a triangle filled using a vertical shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_H | Draws a triangle filled using a horizontal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_NS | Draws a triangle filled using a negative slope diagonal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_PS | Draws a triangle filled using a positive slope diagonal shading pattern |
| short FontCharWidth (short c); |
Determines the character width in pixels.
FontCharWidth returns the actual width of the character c according to current font settings.
See also: DrawStrWidth
| unsigned char FontGetSys(void); |
Gets the current font number.
FontGetSys returns the current font number. See FontSetSys for more info.
| unsigned char FontSetSys (short Font); |
Sets the current font.
FontSetSys changes the current text font. All subsequent characters written to the screen will use this font. The supported values for Font are F_4x6, F_6x8, and F_8x10, and they are defined in enum Fonts. The 4x6 font is a proportional font while the 6x8 and 8x10 fonts are fixed-width. FontSetSys returns the previously active font number.
| short GetPix (short x, short y); |
Gets the status of a specified pixel.
GetPix gets the status of the pixel located at (x, y). Returns TRUE or FALSE depending on whether the corresponding pixel is set or reset.
| void LCD_restore (const void *buffer); |
Restores the saved content of the LCD screen.
LCD_restore restores the contents of the screen (saved using LCD_save)
from the buffer pointed to by buffer. buffer is usually of type
LCD_BUFFER.
LCD_restore is a small macro which calls the memcpy function.
Note: LCD_save and LCD_restore do not work in grayscale mode.
| void LCD_save (void *buffer); |
Saves the content of the LCD screen.
LCD_save saves the complete contents of the screen into the 3840-bytes long buffer
pointed to by buffer. buffer is usually of type
LCD_BUFFER.
LCD_save is a small macro which calls the memcpy function.
Note: LCD_save and LCD_restore do not work in grayscale mode.
| void LineTo (short x, short y); |
Draws a clipped line from the current pen position.
LineTo draws a line from the current pen position to the pixel (x, y) using the current attribute given with SetCurAttr command, then updates the pen position to those coordinates. The line will be clipped at the current clipping area boundaries given with SetCurClip command.
Deprecated alias: DrawTo
| SCR_RECT *MakeScrRect (short x0, short y0, short x1, short y1, SCR_RECT *s); |
Puts four coordinates into a SCR_RECT and returns a pointer to it.
MakeScrRect is used to create a SCR_RECT from four screen coordinates.
For example, it can be used to convert a WIN_RECT to a SCR_RECT like this
(s is a SCR_RECT, and rect is a WIN_RECT):
MakeScrRect (rect.x0, rect.y0, rect.x1, rect.y1, &s);
In GNU C (like GCC4TI is), it is generally faster to use cast constructors instead of calling MakeScrRect:
s = (SCR_RECT){{x0, y0, x1, y1}};
See also: SetWinClip, MakeWinRect
| void MoveTo (short x, short y); |
Sets the current pen position.
MoveTo sets the current pen position to (x, y).
| void PortRestore (void); |
Cancels the virtual screen.
PortRestore restores factory defaults for address and dimensions of the video memory. PortRestore acts exactly like
PortSet ((void *) 0x4C00, 239, 127);
| void PortSet (void *vm_addr, short x_max, short y_max); |
Sets up the virtual screen.
PortSet allows drawing in a virtual screen. All graphic commands which are built-in
into TIOS does not expect that the video memory must be at 0x4C00, and that the
video memory is always 240 x 128 pixels. Using PortSet you can set up a virtual screen
anywhere in a memory, and of any size. After using PortSet, all graphic commands
will assume that the video memory starts at vm_addr, and that the dimensions
of the video memory are (x_max+1) x (y_max+1)
pixels. This allows to you to use graphic functions even when the actual LCD memory is
relocated at any other address using I/O hardware ports, or to draw pictures into
virtual screens (not visible on the real screen), then move them (using
memcpy or some other function) to the real screen. This will enable the possibility of
hiding the actual drawing process, and to display the drawn picture immediately.
Here is a code fragment which ilustrates the usage of virtual screens:
void *virtual=malloc (LCD_SIZE); // Allocate the buffer ... if (!virtual) ... // do some error handling - not enough memory! PortSet (virtual, 239, 127); // redirect drawing routines to buffer
or, even simpler, a virtual screen may simply be in any local variable which is long enough:
char virtual[LCD_SIZE]; ... PortSet (virtual, 239, 127);
Note that, in this case, virtual screen memory will in fact be somewhere on the stack.
There is nothing bad in this, but keep in mind that the total amount of the
stack is 16K, so don't put too much data (like big arrays etc.) on the stack
(i.e. in local variables). If you really need to handle a lot of data, use
malloc instead.
After setting up the virtual screen, you can do any drawing you want - it will be
redirected to the virtual
screen. To copy this to the regular screen (i.e. to display it) do this:
memcpy (LCD_MEM, virtual, LCD_SIZE);
or even simpler (this is the same):
LCD_restore (virtual);
Note: Don't forget to do PortRestore before the end of the program, otherwise TIOS will be fooled after returning to TI-Basic!
| short QScrRectOverlap (const SCR_RECT *r1, const SCR_RECT *r2); |
Determines whether two rectangular areas overlap or not.
QScrRectOverlap returns TRUE or FALSE depending on whether two rectangular areas given in two SCR_RECT structures r1 and r2 overlap or not.
| void RestoreScrState (const void *buffer); |
Restores a a saved state of the graphic system.
RestoreScrState restores a saved state of the graphic system (saved using SaveScrState command) from a structure pointed to by buffer.
| void SaveScrState (void *buffer); |
Saves the state of the graphic system.
SaveStrState saves the current state of the graphic system (including the address and dimensions of the virtual screen, current font, attribute, clipping area and pen position) into a 18-byte structure pointed to by buffer. buffer is usually a pointer to a SCR_STATE structure.
| void ScrRectFill (const SCR_RECT *rect, const SCR_RECT *clip, short Attr); |
Draws a filled rectangle.
ScrRectFill draws a filled rectangle given by SCR_RECT
structure rect, using the attribute Attr. The rectangle will be
clipped at the boundaries of the area given by parameter clip. See
SetCurClip for more info about clipping areas. Supported
attributes are:
| A_NORMAL | Fill with black pixels |
| A_REVERSE | Fill with white pixels |
| A_XOR | All pixels in the rectangle will be reversed |
| short ScrRectOverlap (const SCR_RECT *r1, const SCR_RECT *r2, SCR_RECT *r); |
Finds an intersection of two rectangular areas.
ScrRectOverlap finds an intersection of two rectangular areas given in two SCR_RECT structures r1 and r2, and stores coordinates of the intersection in r. ScrRectOverlap returns TRUE or FALSE depending on whether r1 and r2 overlap or not.
| void ScrRectScroll (const SCR_RECT *rect, const SCR_RECT *clip, short NumRows, short Attr); |
Scrols a rectangular area upwards or downwards.
ScrRectScroll scrolls a rectangular area which is an intersection of two
rectangular areas given using two SCR_RECT structures
rect and clip upwards by NumRows pixels (or downwards
if NumRows < 0). rect usually represents the actual
area which need to be scrolled, and clip is the clipping area.
See SetCurClip for more info about clipping areas.
The attribute Attr determines what happens
with pixels in a vacant space produced after scrolling:
| A_NORMAL | Pixels in a vacant space are set |
| A_REVERSE | Pixels in a vacant space are reset |
| A_XOR | Pixels in a vacant space are inverted |
| void ScrRectShift (const SCR_RECT *rect, const SCR_RECT *clip, short NumCols, short Attr); |
Shifts a rectangular area left or right.
ScrRectShift shifts a rectangular area which is an intersection of two rectangular areas given using two SCR_RECT structures rect and clip left by NumRows pixels (or right if NumRows < 0). The attribute Attr determines what happens with pixels in a vacant space produced after shifting. For more info, see ScrRectScroll command.
| SCR_RECT *ScrToHome (SCR_RECT *rect); |
Shifts structure of type SCR_RECT to the home position.
ScrToHome modifies the structure pointed to by rect so that the modified structure will represent the same-shape rectangular area, but with topleft corner at position (0, 0). ScrToHome returns rect back (but note that the structure pointed to by it is modified).
| WIN_RECT *ScrToWin (const SCR_RECT *rect); |
Converts a structure of type SCR_RECT to type WIN_RECT.
ScrToWin accepts a pointer rect to the structure of type SCR_RECT and returns a static pointer to a structure of type WIN_RECT which represents the same rectangular area. It is stored at a fixed place in memory, which means that you cannot write something like:
foo (ScrToWin (&r1), ScrToWin (&r2));
| short SetCurAttr (short Attr); |
Sets the default attribute.
SetCurAttr sets the default attribute for all commands which haven't an
attribute as an explicite parameter to Attr. The interpretation of the attribute depends
of concrete graphic command. Some attributes are only valid for certain
graphic operation. Legal attribute values are defined in enum Attrs.
In a general, the following attributes are supported:
| A_REVERSE | Destination pixels turned off |
| A_NORMAL | Destination pixels turned on |
| A_XOR | Source pixels XORed with destination pixels |
| A_SHADED | Destination pixels masked so that every other pixel turned off |
| A_REPLACE | Source pixels replace destination pixels |
| A_OR | Source pixels ORed with destination pixels |
| A_THICK1 | Draw a double thick line |
| A_SHADE_V | Draw the line using a vertical shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_H | Draw the line using a horizontal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_NS | Draw the line using a negative slope diagonal shading pattern |
| A_SHADE_PS | Draw the line using a positive slope diagonal shading pattern |
| void SetCurClip (const SCR_RECT *clip); |
Sets the default clipping area.
SetCurClip sets the default clipping area for commands which are sensitive to
clipping, but which do not need a clipping area as an explicit parameter (such
commands are
LineTo and
DrawClipPix). The clipping area is a rectangle
with corners (x0, y0) and (x1, y1) which is given using a SCR_RECT structure
clip. All clip-sensitive drawings will be clipped (truncated) at the current
clipping area boundaries. Be warned: the default clipping area at the beginning of the
program is not the full screen!
Note: GCC4TI is GNU C, so it allows cast constructors.
That's why constructions like
SetCurClip (&(SCR_RECT){{0, 0, 159, 99}});
are legal.
| unsigned char sf_width(unsigned char character); |
Returns the width in pixels of character character in the small font.
See also: DrawStrWidth, DrawStrWidthP, FontCharWidth
| SCR_RECT *const ScrRect; |
A global pointer to a SCR_RECT structure representing the whole screen.
ScrRect is a (constant) pointer to a SCR_RECT structure set by TIOS to point to a structure which represents the whole screen area without the status line. So, if you don't need drawing in the status line, you can set the default clipping area using the SetCurClip command like
SetCurClip (ScrRect);
or, you can use ScrRect in a command which needs clipping area parameter explicitely (such command is DrawClipEllipse, for example):
DrawClipEllipse (50, 50, 30, 20, ScrRect, A_NORMAL);
ScrRect may be used also to determine a calculator type. If
ScrRect->xy.x1 == 159
then the calculator is a TI-89 or TI-89 Titanium, else it is a TI-92 Plus or V200.
Note: ScrRect is a variable, so it may be changed (more precise, the structure on which it
points may be changed). By changing it, it is possible to force
some TIOS commands which normally cannot access to the status line area to get the access
to this "forbidden" zone, or to force some commands to use only smaller part of the screen.
Use this possibility with great care, and only if you know exactly what you are doing!
| #define BITMAP_HDR_SIZE 4 |
Defines the size of the header of the BITMAP structure.
| #define LCD_MEM ((void *) 0x4C00) |
A pointer to the area in memory where the contents of the LCD screen are stored.
See also: LCD_SIZE, LCD_BUFFER
| #define LCD_SIZE 3840 |
An integer constant which represents the size of the LCD screen in bytes.
See also: LCD_MEM, LCD_BUFFER
| enum Attrs {A_REVERSE, A_NORMAL, A_XOR, A_SHADED, A_REPLACE, A_OR, A_AND, A_THICK1, A_SHADE_V, A_SHADE_H, A_SHADE_NS, A_SHADE_PS}; |
An enumeration for describing legal attribute values.
For more information about attributes, see the SetCurAttr command or the GR_WIN_VARS structure.
See also: SetCurAttr, GR_WIN_VARS, WinAttr, WinFillTriangle, ScrRectScroll, ScrRectFill, FillTriangle, DrawPix, DrawClipEllipse, DrawIcon, WinPixSet, DrawChar, WinBackground, WinEllipse, WinFill, BitmapPut, WinChar
typedef struct {
|
A structure for defining a bitmap.
BITMAP is a structure for defining a bitmap, used in commands
like BitmapGet.
Note that Data[] is a GNU C extension for variable-length arrays (GCC4TI is GNU C).
| enum BoxAttrs {B_NORMAL = 0x10, B_ROUNDED = 0x20, B_DOUBLE = 0x40, B_CUT = 0x80}; |
An enumeration for describing addittional box attribute values.
For more info about box attributes, see the DrawClipRect command.
| enum Fonts {F_4x6, F_6x8, F_8x10}; |
An enumeration for describing legal font values.
For more info about fonts, see FontSetSys.
typedef struct {
|
A structure which describes an icon.
ICON is a structure which describes an icon (a 16x16 pixel area), which is used in the DrawIcon command.
| typedef char LCD_BUFFER[LCD_SIZE]; |
Describes a buffer to hold the screen contents.
LCD_BUFFER is a 3840-bytes long array type. Its main purpose is to declare a buffer
for saving and restoring the contents of the LCD screen using the functions
LCD_save and LCD_restore.
It is long enough to accept the content of the screen on both the TI-89 and the TI-92 Plus.
typedef struct {
|
A structure for defining multiple lines for the DrawMultiLines command.
Note that Data[] is a GNU C extension for variable-length arrays (GCC4TI is GNU C).
Static variables of such types may be initialized with a variable-length constructor,
for example:
static MULTI_LINE star_shape = {3, {{1, 30, 50, 70, 50},
{1, 35, 35, 65, 65},
{1, 35, 65, 65, 35}}};
Initialization with a variable-length constructor is not suitable for non-static (auto) variables, because the amount of stack storage will not be determined properly.
| typedef unsigned short *pICON; |
A pointer to the ICON scructure.
| typedef unsigned char SCR_COORDS; |
An alias type for defining physical screen coordinates.
typedef union {
|
A scructure for defining a rectangular area.
SCR_RECT is a structure (more precisely, an union) for defining a rectangular area
using physical screen coordinates.
Instead of giving four coordinates x0, y0, x1 and y1,
it is possible to give all together using a field l which is a packed long
number.
Note: GCC4TI is derived from GNU C, so it allows cast constructors.
That's why, constructions like
DrawClipEllipse (50, 50, 30, 20, &(SCR_RECT){{0, 0, 159, 99}}, A_NORMAL);
are legal. See DrawClipEllipse for info about this command.
See also: ScrRect
typedef struct {
|
A structure for saving the state of the graphics system.
SCR_STATE is a structure used for saving the state of the graphics system, used in the commands SaveScrState and RestoreScrState.